Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amandla e-hydrogen aphinde avele njengesihloko esibalulekile emkhakheni omusha wamandla. Imboni ye-hydrogen ibhalwe ngokusobala njengenye yezimboni ezisafufusa eziyinhloko zentuthuko, kanye nemikhakha efana nezinto ezintsha kanye nemithi emisha. Imibiko igcizelela isidingo sokukhulisa ngenkuthalo izinjini ezintsha zokukhula, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo, izindiza zezentengiselwano, kanye nomnotho ophansi, kuyilapho ibeka phambili ngokusobala ukusheshisa intuthuko yemboni ye-hydrogen okokuqala. Lokhu kugcizelela amandla amakhulu amandla e-hydrogen.
Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okusekelwe kumalahle kubusa isakhiwo sokuphakelwa, okubalwa ku-64%, kulandelwe yi-hydrogen yomkhiqizo ongaphansi kwezimboni (21%), i-hydrogen esuselwe kugesi yemvelo (14%), kanye nezinye izindlela (1%). Lokhu kwembula ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okusekelwe kugesi osetshenziswayo kuphethe amandla amakhulu ku-99%, kuyilapho "i-hydrogen eluhlaza" esuselwe ku-electrolysis kanye nezinye izindlela zisalokhu zingaphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, iziteshi zamanje zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen zisebenzisa ngokuyinhloko imodeli elandelayo yokukhiqiza nokugcina nokuthutha: Izinkampani ze-Petrochemical ezindaweni ezikude zikhiqiza i-hydrogen kusuka kugesi osetshenziswayo, zicindezela i-hydrogen enengcindezi ephansi (ngokuvamile ~1.5MPa) ibe ~20MPa zisebenzisa ama-compressor, bese ziyigcina kuma-trailer e-tube angu-22MPa. I-hydrogen ibe isithuthwa iye eziteshini zokugcwalisa uphethiloli, lapho icindezelwa khona okwesibili ibe yi-45MPa yezimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli. Le modeli ehlukaniswe ngokwendawo ikhulisa izindleko zokuhamba, izindleko zemishini, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi, kuyilapho ihlala ivinjelwe ukukhiqizwa "kwe-hydrogen engwevu" encike kugesi osetshenziswayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwemithetho yamanje, i-hydrogen ihlukaniswa njengekhemikhali eyingozi evuthayo neqhumayo. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphrojekthi okukhiqiza i-hydrogen agxile kakhulu ezindaweni zamakhemikhali ezikude ezinezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezemvelo.
Ngobuchwepheshe be-electrolysis obuthuthukayo, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza ziyehla kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinqubomgomo zemvelo ezifana "nokuphakama kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni" ziqhuba i-hydrogen eluhlaza ukuba ibe yisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi esikhathini esizayo. I-International Energy Agency ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2030, ubuchwepheshe be-hydrogen ephansi yekhabhoni njengo-electrolysis buzobalelwa ku-14% wemakethe ye-hydrogen, okuthonya kakhulu ukwakheka kweziteshi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli. Ukukhiqizwa okusekelwe ku-electrolysis, ngokudla kwayo okulula nokufinyeleleka kalula, kwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngale kwamapaki amakhemikhali endabuko. Ukucindezelwa okuqondile kwe-hydrogen ekhiqizwa endaweni yokugcwalisa uphethiloli wezimoto kuqeda ukuthuthwa kwebanga elide kanye nokucindezelwa kwesibili, kunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zomnotho nezesikhathi.
Ukuze zivumelane nochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-hydrogen olusekelwe kuphethiloli wezinto zasendulo, izinhlobo ezimbili zama-compressor e-diaphragm okwamanje zilawula imakethe: 1) Amayunithi okugcwalisa i-hydrogen anomfutho wokungenisa ongu-~1.5MPa kanye nomfutho wokukhipha ongu-20-22MPa; 2) Ama-compressor esiteshi sokugcwalisa uphethiloli anomfutho wokungenisa ongu-5-20MPa kanye nomfutho wokukhipha ongu-45MPa. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo yezigaba ezimbili idinga ukusebenza okuhlelekile kwalawa mayunithi womabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umfutho wesilinda sokugcina i-hydrogen wehla ngaphansi kuka-5MPa, ama-compressor okugcwalisa uphethiloli angasebenzi, okuholela emazingeni aphansi okusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, iziteshi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli ezihlanganisiwe zibonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Kulo modeli, i-hydrogen evela ku-electrolysis ingacindezelwa ngqo kusuka ku-~1.5MPa kuya ku-45MPa kusetshenziswa i-diaphragm compressor eyodwa, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zemishini nesikhathi. Umkhawulo wokucindezela okuphansi kokungenisa (1.5MPa vs. 5MPa) nawo uthuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-electrolysis buthuthuka, kulindeleke ukuthi iziteshi ze-hydrogen ezihlanganisiwe zamukelwe kabanzi, okuqhuba isidingo semakethe sama-compressor e-diaphragm angu-1.5MPa kuya ku-45MPa. Inkampani yethu inamakhono okuklama nokukhiqiza aphelele okuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zalesi simo sohlelo lokusebenza. Njengoba inani elikhulayo lokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, iziteshi ezihlanganisiwe kulindeleke ukuthi zande, zandise amathuba okusetshenziswa kwama-compressor e-diaphragm kanye nephothifoliyo yomkhiqizo wethu ngenkathi ziletha izixazululo ezintsha zokugcwalisa uphethiloli.
Noma kunjalo, izinselele ziyaqhubeka ekuthuthukiseni iziteshi ze-hydrogen ezihlanganisiwe kanye nama-compressor ahlobene, okuhlanganisa izindleko eziphezulu ze-electrolysis, ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi e-hydrogen, kanye nengqalasizinda ye-hydrogen engaphelele. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngempumelelo kuzobaluleka ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zamandla e-hydrogen ezihlanganisiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-27-2025